PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.